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This report, and accompanying CD-ROM, is the second edition of the European Competitiveness Index (ECI), which follows the success of the first edition published in 2004. The ECI measures, compares and examines the competitiveness of Europe’s regions and nations. We define such competitiveness as the capability of an economy to maintain increasing standards of living for those who participate in it, by attracting and maintaining firms with stable or rising market shares in an activity. As such, the competitiveness of a region will depend on its ability to anticipate and successfully adapt to internal and external economic and social challenges, by providing new economic opportunities, including higher quality jobs.
The importance of the concept of competitiveness is now firmly embedded within economic policymaking in Europe, and indeed around the world. As such, measuring, understanding and analysing competitiveness at a number of geographic levels has become a vital factor in creating an informed dialogue that can contribute to a policy environment attuned to enhancing the economic performance of Europe’s nations and regions.
Since the 2004 report, the face of the EU has since changed dramatically, with the 2004 enlargement bringing ten new countries into the Union. With data now available for these new EU states, the European Competitiveness Index 2006-07 has been expanded to include all EU-25 nations and their respective NUTS-1 regions. This continued focus on regions, as well as nations, reflects the growing consensus that it is regions that are the primary spatial unit that compete to attract investment, and the level at which knowledge is circulated and transferred, resulting in agglomerations, or clusters, of industrial and service sector enterprises
Regions Benchmarked by the European Competitiveness Index
| Brussels, Belgium |
| Vlaams Gewest, Belgium |
| Région Wallonne, Belgium |
| Denmark |
| Baden-Württemberg, Germany |
| Bayern, Germany |
| Berlin, Germany |
| Brandenburg, Germany |
| Bremen, Germany |
| Hamburg, Germany |
| Hessen, Germany |
| Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany |
| Niedersachsen, Germany |
| Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany |
| Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany |
| Saarland, Germany |
| Sachsen, Germany |
| Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany |
| Schleswig-Holstein, Germany |
| Thüringen, Germany |
| Voreia Ellada, Greece |
| Kentriki Ellada, Greece |
| Attiki, Greece |
| Nisia Aigaiou, Kriti, Greece |
| Noroeste, Spain |
| Noreste, Spain |
| Comunidad de Madrid, Spain |
| Centro, Spain |
| Este, Spain |
| Sur, Spain |
| Canarias, Spain |
| Île de France, France |
| Bassin Parisien, France |
| Nord - Pas-de-Calais, France |
| Est, France |
| Ouest, France |
| Sud-Ouest, France |
| Centre-Est, France |
| Méditerranée, France |
| Border, Midlands and Western, Ireland |
| Southern and Eastern, Ireland |
| Nord Ovest, Italy |
| Lombardia, Italy |
| Nord Est, Italy |
| Emilia-Romagna, Italy |
| Centro, Italy |
| Lazio, Italy |
| Abruzzo-Molise, Italy |
| Campania, Italy |
| Sud, Italy |
| Sicilia, Italy |
| Sardegna, Italy |
| Luxembourg |
| Noord-Nederland, Netherlands |
| Oost-Nederland, Netherlands |
| West-Nederland, Netherlands |
| Zuid-Nederland, Netherlands |
| Ostösterreich, Austria |
| Südösterreich, Austria |
| Westösterreich, Austria |
| Portugal (Continent) |
| Açores, Portugal |
| Madeira, Portugal |
| Itä-Suomi, Finland |
| Väli-Suomi, Finland |
| Pohjois-Suomi, Finland |
| Uusimaa, Finland |
| Etelä-Suomi, Finland |
| Stockholm, Sweden |
| Östra Mellansverige, Sweden |
| Sydsverige, Sweden |
| Norra Mellansverige, Sweden |
| Mellersta Norrland, Sweden |
| Övre Norrland, Sweden |
| Smĺland med öarna, Sweden |
| Västsverige, Sweden |
| North East, UK |
| North West (including Merseyside), UK |
| Yorkshire and The Humber, UK |
| East Midlands, UK |
| West Midlands, UK |
| Eastern, UK |
| London, UK |
| South East, UK |
| South West, UK |
| Wales, UK |
| Scotland, UK |
| Northern Ireland, UK |
| Norway |
| Switzerland |
| Prague, Czech Republic |
| Strední Cechy, Czech Republic |
| Jihozápad, Czech Republic |
| Severozápad, Czech Republic |
| Severovýchod, Czech Republic |
| Jihovýchod, Czech Republic |
| Strední Morava, Czech Republic |
| Moravskoslezko, Czech Republic |
| Estonia |
| Cyprus |
| Latvia |
| Lithuania |
| Közép-Magyarország, Hungary |
| Dunántúl, Hungary |
| Alföld és Észak, Hungary |
| Malta |
| Centralny, Poland |
| Poludniowy, Poland |
| Wschodni, Poland |
| Pólnocno-Zachodni, Poland |
| Poludniowo-Zachodni, Poland |
| Pólnocny, Poland |
| Slovenia |
| Bratislavský, Slovakia |
| Západné Slovensko, Slovakia |
| Stredné Slovensko, Slovakia |
| Východné Slovensko, Slovakia |
Nations Benchmarked by the European Competitiveness Index
Belgium
Denmark
Germany
Greece
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Austria
Spain
France
Ireland
Italy
Portugal
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Estonia
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Hungary
Malta
Poland
Slovenia
Slovakia
Norway
Switzerland
The Variables Included in the European Competitiveness Index Report
Creativity
- R&D Employment in the Business Sector per 1,000 inhabitants
- R&D Employment in the Government Sector per 1,000 inhabitants
- R&D Employment in the Higher Education Sector per 1,000 inhabitants
- R&D Expenditure in the Business Sector per capita
- R&D Expenditure in the Government Sector per capita
- R&D Expenditure in the Higher Education Sector per capita
- Number of Patent Applications per 1 million inhabitants
- Employment in ICT Services per 1,000 inhabitants
Economic Performance
- GDP per Capita
- Labour Productivity
- Unemployment Rate
- Long-Term Unemployment Rate
- Mean Gross Monthly Earnings
- Activity Rate
Infrastructure and Accessibility
- Motorway Length per km 2
- Motorway Length per vehicle
- Length of Railway per km 2
- Air Freight Disembarked per 1,000 inhabitants
- Air Passengers Disembarked per 1,000 inhabitants
- Number of Vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants
- Broadband Access Lines per 1,000 inhabitants (national data only)
- Secure Servers per 100,000 inhabitants (national data only)
Knowledge Employment
- Employment in Biotechnology and Chemicals per 1,000 inhabitants
- Employment in IT and Computer Manufacturing per 1,000 inhabitants
- Employment in ICT Services per 1,000 inhabitants
- Employment in Research and Development per 1,000 inhabitants
- Employment in Telecommunications per 1,000 inhabitants
- Employment in Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing per 1,000 inhabitants
- Employment in Instrumentation and Machinery per 1,000 inhabitants
- Employment in Automotive and Mechanical Engineering per 1,000 inhabitants
Education
- Number of Students in General and Pre-vocational Upper Secondary Education per employed person
- Number of Students in Vocational Upper Secondary Education per employed person
- Number of Students in Academic Tertiary Education per employed person
- Number of Students in Vocational Tertiary Education per employed person
- Tertiary Education Expenditure per Capita (national data only)
- Secondary Education Expenditure per Capita (national data only)
Datasheets
The datasheets contains full data for the variable and factors contained in the report plus additional data for sectoral productivity and knowledge sector business units. They cover all the European regions and nations that the European Competitiveness Index 2006-07 benchmarks, as well as the data encompassing the European Competitiveness Index 2004.
ISBN: 1-902829-03-4
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